Caracterización de la prescripción de ansiolíticos en adultos mayores institucionalizados en un hogar de ancianos / Characterization of the prescription of anxiolytics in institutionalized older adults in the nursing home

El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la prescripción de los medicamentos ansiolíticos utilizados en población de adultos mayores institucionalizados en el hogar de ancianos de Pinar del Río durante el año 2017.Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, con recogida de datos retrospectiva, sobre prescripción de medicamentos ansiolíticos en la población de adultos mayores institucionalizados en el hogar de ancianos, se analizó la forma de utilización de los medicamentos, su indicación y prescripción con elementos de esquema terapéutico y factores que condicionan los hábitos de prescripción. Se trabajó con el universo (U= 98) de estudio el cual estuvo conformado por el total de pacientes institucionalizados, que estaban consumiendo ansiolíticos. Se revisaron las historias clínicas individuales y se confeccionó un modelo de recolección de datos.El medicamento más consumido por los adultos mayores fue el nitrazepam (41,8 %), siendo este a su vez el más consumido por el sexo masculino, no así para el femenino que resultó ser el clorodiazepóxido (64,6 %), el grupo de edad que más predominó fue el de 60-69 años, asimismo los viudos y el nivel educacional primario, el 79,5 % de los ancianos consume otros medicamentos que poseen interacción farmacocinética. El profesional que más indicó fue el médico de familia, la prescripción e intervalos entre dosis fue adecuada, la prescripción se consideró no racional.La prescripción de ansiolíticos en la población objeto de estudio, disminuye a medida que aumenta la edad, los más consumidores son los del sexo masculino y los institucionalizados por abandono familiar, esto apunta a la necesidad de continuar trabajando desde el nivel primario de atención dado que es de donde proceden estos ancianos.

The objective of this study was to characterize the prescription of anxiolytic medications used in the institutionalized elderly population at the Pinar del Río Nursing Home during 2017.A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out, with retrospective data collection, on the prescription of anxiolytic medications in the population of institutionalized older adults in the Nursing Home, the form of use of the medications, their indication and prescription with elements of the therapeutic scheme was analyzed and factors that condition prescription habits. We worked with the universe (U = 98) of the study, which was made up of the total number of institutionalized patients who were consuming anxiolytics. Individual medical records were reviewed and a data collection model was created.The drug most consumed by older adults was nitrazepam (41.8%), this in turn being the most consumed by males, not so for females, which turned out to be chlorodiazepoxide (64.6%), the group The most prevalent age group was 60-69 years, likewise widowers and primary educational level, 79.5% of the elderly consume other drugs that have pharmacokinetic interaction. The professional who indicated the most was the family doctor, the prescription and intervals between doses were adequate, the prescription was considered non-rational.The prescription of anxiolytics in the population under study decreases as age increases, the most consumers are those of the male sex and those institutionalized due to family abandonment, this points to the need to continue working from the primary level of care since that is where these elders come from.

Treatment of infantile spasms with sodium valproate followed by benzodiazepines.

OBJECTIVE: To review the result of the infantile spasms' treatment with sodium valproate followed by nitrazepam or clonazepam. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive retrospective study. SETTING: Srinagarind Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twenty-four infantile spasms admitted between January 1994 and December 2003 were analyzed. The inclusion criteria were the patients with infantile spasms clinically diagnosed by the pediatric neurologist, having hypsarrhythmic pattern EEG, and receiving sodium valproate with or without nitrazepam or clonazepam. The patients who had an uncertain diagnosis, incomplete medical record, or that were incompletely followed up were excluded. Data were collected on sex, age at onset of seizure, type of infantile spasms, associated type of seizure, predisposing etiological factor, neuroimaging study, and the result of treatment including cessation of spasms, subsequent development of other seizure types, quantitative reduction of spasms, relapse rates of spasms, psychomotor development, and adverse effects of AEDs. RESULTS: The mean age at onset was 177 days. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.2. There were 13 cryptogenic (54.2%) and 11 symptomatic (45.8%) infantile spasms. The most common predisposing etiological factors in symptomatic cases were hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (45.5%) and microcephaly (36.4%), respectively. Ten patients received sodium valproate (41.7%), another 10 received sodium valproate with clonazepam (41.7%), and four received sodium valproate with nitrazepam (16.7%). Both, the complete cessation rate and the 50% reduction of spasms rate were 45.8%. The duration to complete cessation was 70 days. The relapse rate was 18.2%. The rate of delayed psychomotor development was 83.3%. The mean duration of follow-up was 49.6 months. CONCLUSION: The authors propose to use sodium valproate concomitantly with benzodiazepines, especially clonazepam, in situations such as unavailability, intolerability, or adverse effects of ACTH or vigabatrin, or in a patient who does not respond to ACTH or vigabatrin.

Síndrome de West: evoluçao clínica e eletrencefalográfica de 70 pacientes e resposta ao tratamento com hormônio adrenocorticotrófico, prednisona, vigabatrina, nitrazepam e ácido valpróico / West syndrome: clinical and eletroencephalographic follow up of 70 patients and response to the adrenocorticotropic hormone, prednisone, vigabatrin, nitrazepam and valproate

Em estudo retrospectivo avaliamos a evoluçao clínica e eletrencefalográfica das formas criptogênica e sintomática da síndrome de West e analisamos a eficácia do hormônio adrenocorticotrófico, vigabatrina, prednisona, ácido valpróico e nitrazepam no controle dos espasmos. Participaram do estudo 70 pacientes, acompanhados por período maior que 2 anos. Doze (17 por cento) eram criptogênicos e 58 (83 por cento) sintomáticos. O grupo criptogênico apresentou percentagem significativamente maior de pacientes que frequentavam escola regular e desenvolvimento motor normal, melhor controle das crises epilépticas, tendência menor a evoluir para síndrome de Lennox Gastaut e 83,3 por cento tiveram controle completo dos espasmos (72,4 por cento dos pacientes do grupo sintomático obtiveram controle completo dos espasmos). O hormônio adrenocorticotrófico e a vigabatrina foram as drogas mais eficazes, controlando 68,75 por cento e 60 por cento dos espasmos, respectivamente, quando utilizados como droga de primeira escolha e 75 por cento e 50 por cento, respectivamente, como drogas de segunda escolha